Who Needs to File a Tax Return in 2024

April 20, 2026
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Article Highlights: Factors That Affect Whether Someone Needs to File a Tax Return Gross Income Required Filing Threshold 2023 Filing Thresholds by Filing Status Self-employment Status Status as a Dependent Some Individuals Should File a Tax Return Even Though Not Required to Do So Tax Withholding Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Child Tax Credit (CTC)/American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) Most U.S. citizens and permanent residents who work in the United States need to file a tax return if they make more than a certain amount for the year. This includes U.S. citizens and permanent residents working outside the U.S. Factors That Affect Whether Someone Needs to File a Tax Return Gross Income -Gross income means all income a person received in the form of money, goods, property, and services that aren't exempt from tax. This includes any income from sources outside the United States or from the sale of a main home, even if you can exclude part or all of it. Required Filing Threshold – An individual whose gross income is over the required filing threshold for their filing status and age needs to file a return. So, individuals may need to consider their potential filing status as well when determining if they are required to file a return. There are five filing statuses: o Single o Head of household o Married filing jointly o Married filing separate o Qualifying surviving spouse 2023 FILING THRESHOLDS BY FILING STATUS Filing Status Age at the End of 2023 A Person Must File a Return If Their Gross Income Was At Least: Single Under 65 $13,850 Single 65 or Older $15,700 Head of Household Under 65 $20,800 Head of Household 65 or Older $22,650 Married Filing Jointly Both Spouses Under 65 $27,700 Married Filing Jointly One Spouse 65 or Older $29,200 Married Filing Jointly Both Spouses 65 and Older $30,700 Married Filing Separately Any Age $5 Qualified Surviving Spouse Under 65 $27,700 Qualified Surviving Spouse 65 or Older $29,200 Self-employment Status -Self-employed individuals must file an annual return and pay estimated tax quarterly if they had net earnings from self-employment of $400 or more. Status as a Dependent - A person claimed as a dependent may still have to file a return. It depends on their gross income, earned income and unearned income, standard deduction and can get complicated. This involves the so-called Kiddie Tax and was added to the tax code to stop parents from putting their investment income in the name of their children to achieve lower tax rates. The Kiddie Tax applies to children under the age of 19 or full-time students over the age of 18 and under the age of 24. Here are some examples: o A dependent child with earned income more than $13,850 (the 2023 standard deduction for a single individual) is required to a file a return. Earned income includes salaries, wages, tips, professional fees, and other amounts received as pay for work performed. The standard deduction for a dependent in 2023 is limited by the larger of $1,250 or their earned income plus $400, but not to exceed the $13,850 standard deduction for a single individual. o Dependent children with unearned income of more than $2,500 may also need to file a return. Unearned income is investment-type income and includes interest, dividends and capital gains, rents, royalties, etc. Distributions of interest, dividends, capital gains and other unearned income from a trust are also unearned income to a beneficiary of the trust. o Where a dependent child's only income is interest, dividends, and capital gain distributions and totals less than $12,500, the parent may be able to elect to include that income on their return rather than file a return for the child.

Tax and Financial Insights
by NR CPAs & Business Advisors

Explore practical articles that explain tax strategies, financial considerations, and important topics that may affect your business decisions.

2026 IRS Mileage Rates: Key Updates and Insights

The IRS has rolled out the inflation-adjusted mileage rates for 2026, offering taxpayers an efficient way to claim deductions for vehicle-related expenses incurred for business, charity, medical, or moving purposes. These adjustments reflect the continued economic shifts impacting car operation costs.

Effective January 1, 2026, the new standard mileage rates are established as follows:

  • Business Travel: Increased to 72.5 cents per mile, inclusive of a 35-cent-per-mile depreciation allocation. This marks a rise from the 70 cents per mile rate set for 2025
  • Medical/Moving Purposes: Reduced slightly to 20.5 cents per mile, down from 21 cents in the previous year, reflecting the variable cost considerations.
  • Charitable Contributions: Consistent at 14 cents per mile, a fixed rate unchanged for over a quarter-century.

As is typical, the business mileage rate considers the integral fixed and variable costs of automobile operation. Meanwhile, the medical and moving rates remain contingent on variable expenses as determined by the IRS study.

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It is critical to note that the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) held firm on disallowing moving expense deductions except for specific cases within the Armed Forces and intelligence community, marking a substantial shift since 2017.

When engaging in charitable work, taxpayers might opt for a direct expense deduction over the per-mile method, covering gas and oil costs. However, comprehensive upkeep and insurance costs are non-deductible expenses.

Business Vehicle Use Considerations: Taxpayers can alternatively compute vehicle expenses using actual costs, which might benefit from shifting depreciation rules, particularly through bonuses and first-year advantages. Keep in mind, however, reverting from actual cost calculations to standard rates in subsequent years is restricted, particularly per vehicle protocol and when exceeding four vehicles in concurrent use.

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Additionally, parking, tolls, and property taxes attributable to business can be deducted independently of the general rate, an often-overlooked advantage by many business owners.

Tax Strategies for Employers and Employees: Reimbursements based on the standard mileage framework, providing the right documentation is in place, remain tax-free for employees. Meanwhile, the elimination and continued prohibition of unreimbursed employee deductions continue, with particular exceptions offered to qualified personnel across specific occupations.

Opportunities for Self-employed Individuals: Entrepreneurs remain eligible for deductions on business-related vehicle use via Schedule C, with potential to account for business-use interest on auto loans.

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Heavy SUVs and Deduction Advantages: Heavier vehicles exceeding 6,000 pounds but under 14,000 pounds open opportunities for substantial tax deductions through Section 179 and bonus depreciation avenues. The lifecycle of such a vehicle bears implications on recapturing initially claimed deductions, urging cautious tax planning.

For professional guidance on optimizing your vehicle-related tax deductions and understanding their implications on tax strategies, contact our office in Coral Gables, Florida, where expert advice and strategic insights are just a call away.

Educator's Deduction Reform: Key Changes Under OBBBA

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) introduces significant enhancements for educators' tax deductions starting in 2026, offering both strategic opportunities and planning considerations for educators who qualify. With the reinstated itemized deduction for qualified unreimbursed expenses, educators have a broader spectrum of financial relief. This is complemented by the retention of the $350 above-the-line deduction, allowing educators to maximize their tax benefits by selectively allocating expenses between these avenues.

Understanding the nuances of these changes is crucial for educators and financial advisors alike. The dual-option deduction strategy can potentially enhance tax efficiency, thereby aligning with broader financial planning goals.

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At NR CPAs & Business Advisors, based in Coral Gables, Florida, our expertise in tax preparation and planning provides invaluable support to educators navigating these changes. Our comprehensive approach, combined with personalized advice from our experienced team, ensures compliance and optimization in line with the latest tax legislations.

Given these updates, it is imperative to engage with seasoned professionals to fully leverage your deduction strategies. Contact us today to streamline your tax planning under OBBBA's new guidelines and maximize your deductions for upcoming tax years.

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